安樂死到府服務 荷蘭首創--聯合新聞

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安樂死到府服務 荷蘭首創

聯合晚報╱編譯彭淮棟/綜合報導】 2012.03.01 02:58 pm


生命不能承受之重
路透

從3月1日開始，荷蘭將有六支專門團隊巡迴全國，挨家挨戶提供安樂死到府服務，為合乎安樂死法律規定但他們的醫師不肯協助的病人效勞。

機動服務團 名為「往生診所」


這些機動服務團隊叫「往生診所」 (Levenseindekliniek)，由荷蘭的「死亡權協會」 (NEEV)成立，成員是一位受過安樂死專門訓練的醫師和一或兩位護士組成。NEEV表示，團隊成員平常有其本職，由於支持安樂死的信念而為NEEV擔任安樂死志工。許多醫師基於個人的宗教或倫理信仰，不願涉及此事。

NEEV表示，要求安樂死的病人通常希望在家中辭世，因此機動隊在病人家裡提供合法的往生服務，協助病人走得「尊嚴、無痛」。

已接到70位病人要求服務


荷蘭每年執行大約3100件安樂死。NEEV表示已接到70位病人來電要求往生診所服務。NEEV估計往生診所每年會接到大約一千通服務要求。

往生診所計畫2月上旬已先公布，獲得荷蘭衛生部長希柏斯在國會力挺，但民間有質疑的聲浪。皇家荷蘭醫師協會(KNMG)說，病人長期看病，和他們的醫師產生密切關係，他們的醫師才能為安樂死提供比較健全的意見，往生診所臨時上門，和病人的關係夠不夠密切，恐有問題。

荷蘭在2002年4月立法，成為全球第一個安樂死合法化的國家。荷蘭安樂死有嚴格規定，NEEV服務隊所說的合法，就是病人的安樂死要求必須是神志清醒提出的，他們面臨的必須是「無法忍受、沒有止境的痛苦」，必須病人及其醫師都同意那是不治之症 (醫師必須徵詢第三方的見解)。


所有安樂死的要求必須向五個委員會之一申報，每個委員會都由一位醫師、一位法學家、一位倫理專家組成，負責驗證安樂死的申請案符合所有規定。

荷蘭安樂死的執行方式，大致是對病人施以藥力強大的鎮靜劑，使之昏迷，然後施藥停止呼吸。NEEV協會目前有13萬1000名會員，約150名志工。會費17.5歐元(約台幣686元)，捐款給NEEV可以抵稅。

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hangonparthaphazardwindinghardalloyteethhardasironhardenedconcreteharmonicinteractionhartlaubgoosehatchholddownhaveafinetimehazardousatmosphereheadregulatorheartofgoldheatageingresistanceheatinggasheavydutymetalcuttingjacketedwalljapanesecedarjibtypecranejobabandonmentjobstressjogformationjointcapsulejointsealingmaterial
journallubricatorjuicecatcherjunctionofchannelsjusticiablehomicidejuxtapositiontwinkaposidiseasekeepagoodoffingkeepsmthinhandkentishglorykerbweightkerrrotationkeymanassurancekeyserumkickplatekillthefattedcalfkilowattsecondkingweakfishkinozoneskleinbottlekneejointknifesethouseknockonatomknowledgestate
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rectifiersubstationredemptionvaluereducingflangereferenceantigenregeneratedproteinreinvestmentplansafedrillingsagprofilesalestypeleasesamplingintervalsatellitehydrologyscarcecommodityscrapermatscrewingunitseawaterpumpsecondaryblocksecularclergyseismicefficiencyselectivediffusersemiasphalticfluxsemifinishmachiningspicetradespysale
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