科學家打造人腦 十年可成

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科學家打造人腦 十年可成
http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/ ... 2rpmd.html
（中央社台北17日電）歐洲9位最優秀科學家準備在10年內打造電腦模式的人腦。他們聲稱，若計畫成功，可能有助於巴金森氏症的治療，也有助於製造智慧型機器人和超級電腦，讓目前既有的同類產品相形見絀。
參與這項「人腦計畫」（Human Brain Project）的研究團隊正在向歐洲聯盟（EU）爭取10億英鎊的補助金。這支小組是由瑞士洛桑聯邦理工學院（EcolePolytech Federale in Lausanne）的神經科學家馬克蘭（Henry Markram）號召成立，正聚集在瑞士和德國進行研究。
據英國「每日郵報」（Daily Mail）報導，這支研究團隊可能無可避免會被媒體冠上「科學怪人小組」（Team Frankenstein）的綽號。在科幻小說「科學怪人」（Frankenstein）中，瘋狂科學家佛蘭肯斯坦（Victor Frankenstein）以人工方式賦予屍體生命，造出所謂的科學怪人。
馬克蘭接受德國新聞週刊「明鏡」（Spiegel）訪問時說：「這是人類的3大挑戰之一。我們必須了解地球、太空與大腦。我們需要了解人之所以為人的原因。」
這支團隊的科學家和研究人員相信，若能取得資金，他們將可在12年內仿製出大腦這個人體最重要器官。
不過馬克蘭說：「打造人腦並非不可能。只要10年，我們就能辦到。」「這項研究一旦成功，每年將幫助20億大腦出現某種受損的人。」
這項計畫如果成功，應用範圍極為龐大，例如製藥公司可在電腦模型上測試新藥，直接略過人體測試，大幅縮短測試階段。
德國科隆（Cologne）附近的尤利希研究中心（Julich Research Center）內的超級電腦，會在這項研究中扮演重大角色。馬克蘭說，這項研究涉及「如海嘯般龐大的資料」。
另外，美國耶魯大學（Yale University）和土耳其數個研究機構合作，找到負責人類大腦獨特發展的單一基因LAGMC3。
人類的記憶和複雜思考能力，都是透過大腦皮質的縐褶波紋輔助，而大腦皮質特性的發展，就是由LAGMC3控制。只有腦容量較大哺乳動物的大腦有縐褶，人類最為顯著。
研究人員發現1位土耳其患者的大腦缺乏人類特有的盤繞縐褶現象，結果發現是該病患的LAGMC3基因出現極小變異，因而出現缺乏縐褶現象的突變。
研究人員表示，這顯示這個基因在人類大腦發展中所扮演的重大角色，讓科學家可以進一步揭開大腦皮質的謎團。（譯者：中央社陳宜君）

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