中國博士暴增 素質被質疑

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中國博士暴增 素質被質疑
更新日期:2010/09/13 19:42
（中央社台北13日電）2008年中國大陸博士學位授予人數超過美國，成為世界上最大的博士學位授予國家。但湖北武漢華中科技大學教授周光禮最近調查發現，中國博士數量迅猛增加，但整體品質卻在下降。


北京「光明日報」報導，8月底周光禮推出了新書「中國博士品質調查」，調查的結果令人震驚，46%的博士導師同時指導的博士學生超過7人，最多的高達47人；近13%的博士生每月與導師交流不到1次，甚至還有3%的博士生反映未與導師交流過。


　　不久，華中科技大學又傳出消息，該校擬清退307名「超時」碩士生和博士生， 再次讓輿論譁然。


　　駭人的數據和大規模的清退吸引了大量輿論聚焦，公眾也紛紛開始質疑，中國博士生教育品質是否在迅速下降。


　　周光禮在書中稱50%的用人單位認為中國博士培養品質10年來整體上沒有進步，「甚至還有下降趨勢」。在對新進博士創新能力的評價上，用人單位認為「一般」和「差」的佔68%。


　　上海交通大學教授熊丙奇表示，且不對調查數據做出判斷，他個人仍然較認同周光禮對博士生培養現狀的一些分析，「最起碼博士生的品質的確是在下降」。


　　中國博士生群體急劇膨脹是一個不爭的事實，據統計，中國在讀博士生人數由1999年的5.4萬人增加至2009 年的24.63萬人，10年間增加了4.56倍。


武漢大學前校長劉道玉考證，目前中國授予博士學位的大學有365所，而博士生教育大國美國，卻只有253所。


　　擴大的博士生群體良莠不齊，而失序的管理正在使「莠」素質差的群體不斷壯大。博士學位本是為了培養少而精的理論型和研究型的人才，但是當前中國不少博士生想要將博士學位作為進入官場、職場的跳板。


此外，大量政商界人士則逆流回大學讀博「鍍金」。這兩類博士生，一類抱著取得「博士頭銜」的功利目的，一類並不具備讀博士的知識儲備和學術能力，都在給中國博士生群體的品質水準扯後腿。


　　北京師範大學文學院教授李春青認為，博士學位點和博士導師的不斷增設是博士群體擴張的主要原因。當前，教育部門對博士點的控制不夠嚴格，有些博士點的申請理由也很牽強，面的擴大影響了博士生生源的品質。博導自身水準不夠「以其昏昏使人昭昭」，也對當下的博士生品質負有責任。


目前中國大陸不同地區、不同學校的博士生教育生態迥異，一邊是重點大學和科研單位博士招生名額緊張，博士導師抱怨學生資源缺乏，而另一邊是周光禮所言的「最牛」（最離譜）的博士導師手下有47個博士生。也因此，周光禮的「中國博士品質報告」一問世，就爭議不斷。990913
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